奥鹏作业网福师《现代语言学》在线作业一
共50道题 总分：100分
一、单选题(共25题，50分)
1.Linguists introduce the notion of ( )to categorise speech sounds that do or do not make phonological contrasts in conveying meanings.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
2.（）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
3.In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.
A、Node
B、Initial node
C、Branching
D、Intermediate node
4.( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.
A、pre-head
B、head
C、nuclear tail
D、nucleus
5.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
6.’The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
A、illocutionary act
B、locutionary act
C、perlocutionary act
7.The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
A、phonetically
B、phonologically
C、sound
D、seem
8.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
9.Which of the following disciplines doen’t belong to micro-linguistics?
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
10.( ) refers to the speed of speech.
A、Loudness
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Tone
11.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
12.’Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A、function
B、design features
C、importance
D、performance
13.Collocation (p.261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
14.( ) is the science that studies sounds
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
15.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality福师答案请进：opzy.net或请联系微信：1095258436
16.( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A、Nouns
B、Adjectives
C、Verbs
D、Deictics
17.( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Phonology
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
18.( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
19.( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Utterance
D、Morpheme
20.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
21.( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.
A、Mouth
B、Heart
C、Nose
D、Lung
22.（ ） is treated as the basic unit of meaning.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Phoneme
D、Morpheme
23.A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
24.（ ） studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .</font>
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Syntax
25.( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.
A、Functional
B、Lexical
C、Grammatical
D、Performative
二、判断题(共25题，50分)
1.Substitution refers to the replacement of one item by another in the text and is concerned with the way substitutions realise the grammatical cohesion in the text.
A、错误
B、正确
2.’The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
A、错误
B、正确
3.Stress may play different functions in different languages.
A、错误
B、正确
4.Implicature refers to what a speaker implies, suggests, or means, as distinct from what is literally said.
A、错误
B、正确
5.The implementation of lexical insertion rules need to be subject to no restrictions.
A、错误
B、正确
6.Cohesionrefers to the linguistic property of units larger than the morpheme to bind together in construction, or the relations of meaning that exist within the text and that define it as a text.
A、错误
B、正确
7.Language is entirely arbitrary.
A、错误
B、正确
8.’Traditional notional grammar is a bottom-up approach,
A、错误
B、正确
9.Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in
A、错误
B、正确
10.Langue is the language system that speakers of the language conform to in their verbal communication.
A、错误
B、正确
11.’The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
12.’Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
A、错误
B、正确
13.Inflectional morpheme may be a free morpheme.
A、错误
B、正确
14.Constituents are only structurally related.
A、错误
B、正确
15.The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
A、错误
B、正确
16.’Transformation rules don’t have to follow a set order.
A、错误
B、正确
17.Different locutions may have the same perlocutionary effect.
A、错误
B、正确
18.Lingua franca was originally used in Mediterranean commerce in the Middle Ages.
A、错误
B、正确
19.In reality, two linguistic forms can be identical.
A、错误
B、正确
20.Sense is the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves.
A、错误
B、正确
21.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.
A、错误
B、正确
22.Field theory suggests that lexical meanings are not exclusive and mutually independent.
A、错误
B、正确
23.’Compared to phonetics, phonology is more concerned with the organisation of speech sounds in relation to the conveyance of meaning.
A、错误
B、正确
24.Inflection means forming a new word by adding an element such as an affix.
A、错误
B、正确
25.Surface structure refers to the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence .
A、错误
B、正确
福师《现代语言学》在线作业一
共50道题 总分：100分
一、单选题(共25题，50分)
1.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
2.( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Discourse analysis
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
3.’Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A、function
B、design features
C、importance
D、performance
4.（ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.
A、Allomorph
B、Word
C、Segment
D、Morph
5.( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language
A、Phoneme
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Morpheme
6.( ) refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.
A、Lexical meaning
B、Sentential meaning
C、Utterance meaning
D、Literal meaning
7.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
8.A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
9.In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.
A、Node
B、Initial node
C、Branching
D、Intermediate node
10.The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A、Noam Chomsky
B、Jacobson
C、Haliday
D、Nida
11.’The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A、Noam Chomsky
B、Jacobson
C、Haliday
D、Nida
12.( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A、Nouns
B、Adjectives
C、Verbs
D、Deictics
13.( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.
A、Loudness
B、Rhythm
C、Tempo
D、Tone
14.Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A、function
B、design features
C、importance
D、performance
15.’The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
A、illocutionary act
B、locutionary act
C、perlocutionary act
16.Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
17.Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ( ).
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、function
D、distinctive feature
18.’Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
19.Collocation (p.261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
20.( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.
A、Mouth
B、Heart
C、Nose
D、Lung
21.（） studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Syntax
22.Which h of the following disciplines doen’t belong to micro-linguistics?
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
23.Linguists introduce the notion of ( )to categorise speech sounds that do or do not make phonological contrasts in conveying meanings.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
24.( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and prod uction.
A、Pragmatics
B、Phonology
C、Dialectology
D、Psycholinguistics
25.'( ) refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.
A、Synonymy
B、Polysemy
C、Homonymy
D、Antonymy
二、判断题(共25题，50分)
1.Duality is a concretisation of arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness of language.
A、错误
B、正确
2.Constituency approach is bottom-up in nature.
A、错误
B、正确
3.When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination.
A、错误
B、正确
4.When a node directly descends from another, without any other nodes intervening, the hierarchical relationship between them is called immediate domination.
A、错误
B、正确
5.Field theory suggests that lexical meanings are not exclusive and mutually independent.
A、错误
B、正确
6.Oral cavity is the place where oral, nasal and nasalised oral sounds are shaped.
A、错误
B、正确
7.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.
A、错误
B、正确
8.’English is a tone language.
A、错误
B、正确
9.Cohesionrefers to the linguistic property of units larger than the morpheme to bind together in construction, or the relations of meaning that exist within the text and that define it as a text.
A、错误
B、正确
10.’Consonants all involve the vibration of the vocal folds
A、错误
B、正确
11.Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes.
A、错误
B、正确
12.The distinctive feature of place of articulation alone can make necessary distinction between some consonants
A、错误
B、正确
13.’Affix hopping refers to the bound morphemes in the verb group hop backward to join the following member in the verb group .
A、错误
B、正确
14.Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
A、错误
B、正确
15.Phoneme is a group of sounds that are phonetically similar and show certain characteristic patterns of distribution in the language under consideration .
A、错误
B、正确
16.’The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
17.Diachronic linguistics focuses on a particular phase in its development.
A、错误
B、正确
18.’Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
A、错误
B、正确
19.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.
A、错误
B、正确
20.Sometimes bound morphemes can be used by themselves.
A、错误
B、正确
21.The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
A、错误
B、正确
22.Homonymy refers to the linguistic phenomenon that a word may be used in a number of different senses or is said to have a range of different meanings.
A、错误
B、正确
23.’Endocentric compounding means the meaning of the compound cannot be inferred from the meanings of its componential free morphemes.
A、错误
B、正确
24.’Utterance meaning is context-independent
A、错误
B、正确
25.’Duality makes it possible for second/foreign language learning
A、错误
B、正确
福师《现代语言学》在线作业一
共50道题 总分：100分
一、单选题(共25题，50分)
1.( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A、Nouns
B、Adjectives
C、Verbs
D、Deictics
2.( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Discourse analysis
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
3.（ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.
A、Allomorph
B、Word
C、Segment
D、Morph
4.’The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
A、illocutionary act
B、locutionary act
C、perlocutionary act
5.( ) is a minimal unit which is formally composed of meaningless linguistic symbols at the lower level of the language
A、Phoneme
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Morpheme
6.In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.
A、Node
B、Initial node
C、Branching
D、Intermediate node
7.’The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A、Noam Chomsky
B、Jacobson
C、Haliday
D、Nida
8.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
9.( ) reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text before the word or expression that is presupposing.
A、Exophoric
B、Anaphoric
C、Endophoric
D、Cataphoric
10.( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.
A、pre-head
B、head
C、nuclear tail
D、nucleus
11.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
12.’Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
13.( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.
A、Functional
B、Lexical
C、Grammatical
D、Performative
14.Which h of the following disciplines doen’t belong to micro-linguistics?
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
15.( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.
A、Mouth
B、Heart
C、Nose
D、Lung
16.Collocation (p.261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
17.（ ） studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .</font>
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Syntax
18.( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A、Nouns
B、Adjectives
C、Verbs
D、Deictics
19.Phonemes in contrast are differentiated and related by their ( ).
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、function
D、distinctive feature
20.A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
21.Productivity is characterised by the feature of ( ).
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
22.( ) refers to the primary and commonly accepted meaning of linguistic forms.
A、Lexical meaning
B、Sentential meaning
C、Utterance meaning
D、Literal meaning
23.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
24.The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
A、illocutionary act
B、locutionary act
C、perlocutionary act
25.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
二、判断题(共25题，50分)
1.Affixation changes the grammatical class of the word .
A、错误
B、正确
2.The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
3.Surface structure refers to the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence .
A、错误
B、正确
4.’ An inflectional morpheme does not change the grammatical class of the word.
A、错误
B、正确
5.Derivational morpheme may be a free morpheme.
A、错误
B、正确
6.Segmental phonology is concerned with the phonological features (also known as prosodic features) that extend more one segment.
A、错误
B、正确
7.Inflection means forming a new word by adding an element such as an affix.
A、错误
B、正确
8.’Stress may play different functions in different languages.
A、错误
B、正确
9.Sense is the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves.
A、错误
B、正确
10.Language is entirely arbitrary.
A、错误
B、正确
11.Illocutionary force refers to the power that is conventionally associated with the expressions used in the locutionary act and that enables the speaker to execute the intended act through what he/she says.
A、错误
B、正确
12.’Consonants all involve the vibration of the vocal folds
A、错误
B、正确
13.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.
A、错误
B、正确
14.Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in
A、错误
B、正确
15.Constituents are only structurally related.
A、错误
B、正确
16.’Langue is the language system that speakers of the language conform to in their verbal communication.
A、错误
B、正确
17.Lingua franca was originally used in Mediterranean commerce in the Middle Ages.
A、错误
B、正确
18.Affix hopping refers to the bound morphemes in the verb group hop backward to join the following member in the verb group.
A、错误
B、正确
19.’Grammatical morpheme must be a bound morpheme.
A、错误
B、正确
20.There is a three-word sentence stage in first language acquisition.
A、错误
B、正确
21.Juncture refers to the features that help making a divisional contrast in meaning and that only involves pause.
A、错误
B、正确
22.Oral cavity is the place where oral, nasal and nasalised oral sounds are shaped.
A、错误
B、正确
23.’Duality makes it possible for second/foreign language learning
A、错误
B、正确
24.’The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
A、错误
B、正确
25.Distinctive feature theories use the same set of distinctive features for classifying both consonants and vowels.
A、错误
B、正确
福师《现代语言学》在线作业一
共50道题 总分：100分
一、单选题(共25题，50分)
1.( ) is the study of speech, focusing specially on the relation between discourse and its contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Discourse analysis
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
2.( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
3.The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A、Noam Chomsky
B、Jacobson
C、Haliday
D、Nida
4.（）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
5.A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
6.Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A、function
B、design features
C、importance
D、performance
7.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
8.Which h of the following disciplines doen’t belong to micro-linguistics?
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
9.’The transformational generative grammar was proposed by ( ).
A、Noam Chomsky
B、Jacobson
C、Haliday
D、Nida
10.( ) refers to the speed of speech.
A、Loudness
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Tone
11.( ) is the study of the various aspects of the relation between language on the one hand and speakers and society on the other.
A、Pragmatics
B、Sociolinguistics
C、Syntax
D、Semantics
12.The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
A、phonetically
B、phonologically
C、sound
D、seem
13.'( ) refers to the perceived regularity of prominent units in speech.
A、Loudness
B、Rhythm
C、Tempo
D、Tone
14.( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.
A、Mouth
B、Heart
C、Nose
D、Lung
15.( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Utterance
D、Morpheme
16.() refers to the sameness in meaning between two or more words.
A、Synonymy
B、Polysemy
C、Homonymy
D、Antonymy
17.( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Utterance
D、Morpheme
18.’The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
A、phonetically
B、phonologically
C、sound
D、seem
19.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
20.( ) refers to the speed of speech.
A、Loudness
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Tone
21.The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
A、illocutionary act
B、locutionary act
C、perlocutionary act
22.（ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.
A、Allomorph
B、Word
C、Segment
D、Morph
23.’（ ）is a morphological variant of morpheme.
A、Allomorph
B、Word
C、Segment
D、Morph
24.( ) is the study of the relation between language and mind, especially language acquisition and learning, and language comprehension and prod uction.
A、Pragmatics
B、Phonology
C、Dialectology
D、Psycholinguistics
25.’Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A、function
B、design features
C、importance
D、performance
二、判断题(共25题，50分)
1.The critical age for language acquisition refers to the qualitative difference in language acquisition before and after the age around fifteen.
A、错误
B、正确
2.Transformation rules don’t have to follow a set order.
A、错误
B、正确
3.At the sentential level, the comprehension of a sentence is realised through extracting the syntactic and semantic information of the sentence, interpreting the sentential meaning in the light of its contexts, and retaining some or all of the interpr
A、错误
B、正确
4.Duality makes it possible for second/foreign language learning
A、错误
B、正确
5.Grammatical morpheme must be a bound morpheme.
A、错误
B、正确
6.Hyponymy (p.226) refers to the sense relation between a more general word and a more specific word.
A、错误
B、正确
7.’Juncture refers to the features that help making a divisional contrast in meaning and that only involves pause.
A、错误
B、正确
8.Stress refers to the feature that is determined solely by the amplitude of the vibration of the sound-wave.
A、错误
B、正确
9.Phonemics intends to find out the sound system functioning in individual languages .
A、错误
B、正确
10.Affix hopping refers to the bound morphemes in the verb group hop backward to join the following member in the verb group.
A、错误
B、正确
11.’Field theory suggests that lexical meanings are not exclusive and mutually independent.
A、错误
B、正确
12.Utterance meaning includes not only the relevant sentential meaning(s) but also various meanings determined by the contexts where the utterance takes place.
A、错误
B、正确
13.Rreferences of different kinds or types cannot co-occur in the same sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
14.Reference relates linguistic forms to some other related linguistic forms
A、错误
B、正确
15.English is a tone language.
A、错误
B、正确
16.Idiolect refers to the unique linguistic system of an individual speaker
A、错误
B、正确
17.Diphthong is treated as two vowels .
A、错误
B、正确
18.Stress may play different functions in different languages.
A、错误
B、正确
19.’Language is entirely arbitrary.
A、错误
B、正确
20.Sentence is a unit in semantics and its meaning is formed on the principle of compositionality.
A、错误
B、正确
21.Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in
A、错误
B、正确
22.Articulatory phonetics that studies speech sounds from a physical point of view, focusing on their physical properties in transmission.
A、错误
B、正确
23.’Traditional notional grammar is a bottom-up approach,
A、错误
B、正确
24.A simple sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
25.A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.
A、错误
B、正确
福师《现代语言学》在线作业一
共50道题 总分：100分
一、单选题(共25题，50分)
1.Linguists introduce the notion of ( )to categorise speech sounds that do or do not make phonological contrasts in conveying meanings.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
2.（）refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
3.In the tree diagram ( ) is the point from which two or more lines descend.
A、Node
B、Initial node
C、Branching
D、Intermediate node
4.( ) is the first stressed syllable in the tone-unit.
A、pre-head
B、head
C、nuclear tail
D、nucleus
5.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
6.’The locutionary act ( ) refers to the act of saying something meaningful in a particular language
A、illocutionary act
B、locutionary act
C、perlocutionary act
7.The phones that can be grouped together as variants of one phoneme have to be ( ) similar
A、phonetically
B、phonologically
C、sound
D、seem
8.( ) refers to regional phonological or phonetic distinctions in speech.
A、Accent
B、Dialect
C、Sentence
D、Utterance
9.Which of the following disciplines doen’t belong to micro-linguistics?
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
10.( ) refers to the speed of speech.
A、Loudness
B、Stress
C、Tempo
D、Tone
11.( ) refers to a variety of language which is appropriate for a particular situation
A、register
B、Style
C、genre
D、Form
12.’Language has （ ） that distinguish it from other semiotic systems used by humans and animals.
A、function
B、design features
C、importance
D、performance
13.Collocation (p.261) refers to the juxtaposition of two elements which are semantically in opposition (or complementary) to each other
A、Collocation
B、Reiteration
C、Lexical cohesion
D、Coherence
14.( ) is the science that studies sounds
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
15.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
16.( ) are a group of words and expressions that refer to the personal, temporal or spatial characteristics of the context within which a text is produced.
A、Nouns
B、Adjectives
C、Verbs
D、Deictics
17.( ) is the study of the meaning which is not included in semantics and whose interpretation is dependent on its social contexts.
A、Pragmatics
B、Phonology
C、Dialectology
D、Morphology
18.( ) is the science that studies how speech sounds are used in language to convey meanings.
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Dialectology
19.( ) is the bit of spoken or written language that is produced and sent to the receiver in a specific context.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Utterance
D、Morpheme
20.( )of language refers to the property of language in having the structure of two levels.
A、Arbitrariness
B、Genetic-cultural transmission
C、Non-arbitrariness
D、Duality
21.( )the main source of energy for speaking, initiating the airflow for speech, hence pulmonic airstream mechanism.
A、Mouth
B、Heart
C、Nose
D、Lung
22.（ ） is treated as the basic unit of meaning.
A、Word
B、Sentence
C、Phoneme
D、Morpheme
23.A ( ) is one that may be used to distinguish one speech sound from another.
A、perfomation
B、feature
C、distinctive feature
D、function
24.（ ） studies the ways words are combined to form sentences in a language .</font>
A、Phonetics
B、Phonology
C、Morphology
D、Syntax
25.( ) morpheme is a morpheme that contributes to the lexical meaning of the word.
A、Functional
B、Lexical
C、Grammatical
D、Performative
二、判断题(共25题，50分)
1.Substitution refers to the replacement of one item by another in the text and is concerned with the way substitutions realise the grammatical cohesion in the text.
A、错误
B、正确
2.’The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
A、错误
B、正确
3.Stress may play different functions in different languages.
A、错误
B、正确
4.Implicature refers to what a speaker implies, suggests, or means, as distinct from what is literally said.
A、错误
B、正确
5.The implementation of lexical insertion rules need to be subject to no restrictions.
A、错误
B、正确
6.Cohesionrefers to the linguistic property of units larger than the morpheme to bind together in construction, or the relations of meaning that exist within the text and that define it as a text.
A、错误
B、正确
7.Language is entirely arbitrary.
A、错误
B、正确
8.’Traditional notional grammar is a bottom-up approach,
A、错误
B、正确
9.Linguistic competence refers to the ability based on the acquisition of the system of language use, regarding all the components of communicative events, together with attitudes and beliefs about them, and which may enable the speaker to participate in
A、错误
B、正确
10.Langue is the language system that speakers of the language conform to in their verbal communication.
A、错误
B、正确
11.’The meaning of a sentence is a simple concatenation of individual lexical meanings of the words that form the sentence.
A、错误
B、正确
12.’Cataphoric reference refers to the reference where the presupposed occurs in the text after the word or expression that is presupposing.
A、错误
B、正确
13.Inflectional morpheme may be a free morpheme.
A、错误
B、正确
14.Constituents are only structurally related.
A、错误
B、正确
15.The same conjunction may indicate different cohesive relation in different contexts.
A、错误
B、正确
16.’Transformation rules don’t have to follow a set order.
A、错误
B、正确
17.Different locutions may have the same perlocutionary effect.
A、错误
B、正确
18.Lingua franca was originally used in Mediterranean commerce in the Middle Ages.
A、错误
B、正确
19.In reality, two linguistic forms can be identical.
A、错误
B、正确
20.Sense is the meaning that lies in the relation or contrasts among linguistic forms themselves.
A、错误
B、正确
21.Consonants are sounds made by a closure or narrowing somewhere in the vocal tract.
A、错误
B、正确
22.Field theory suggests that lexical meanings are not exclusive and mutually independent.
A、错误
B、正确
23.’Compared to phonetics, phonology is more concerned with the organisation of speech sounds in relation to the conveyance of meaning.
A、错误
B、正确
24.Inflection means forming a new word by adding an element such as an affix.
A、错误
B、正确
25.Surface structure refers to the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence .
A、错误
B、正确
